Several evolution phases have been experienced in the United States by federalism at the time of which relationship among the state and federal governments has been different. Both government levels remained within jurisdictional spheres of their own in the dual federalism era. The federal government turned to be active in areas of policy handled previously by the states during the cooperative federalism era. The 1970s steered in a new federalism era and efforts to decentralize management of policy (Roark et al., 2017).